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3 pieces

  • September 6, 2026 · 5 min read

    IEC 62304: Verification Scales With Risk Class

    Class A is no possible injury, Class B non-serious injury, Class C death or serious injury. Verification obligations rise with the class: more rigorous unit, integration and system testing, documented procedures, and traceability from software requirements through tests to risk controls under ISO 14971.

  • September 5, 2026 · 5 min read

    ISO 26262 Mandates Fault Injection at ASIL D

    Branch coverage is highly recommended at ASIL B, C and D; MC/DC and fault injection become highly recommended at ASIL D. The hardware side permits only about 1 percent residual single point faults at ASIL D, assessed through fault injection campaigns. Negative control discipline, written as a requirement.

  • September 4, 2026 · 5 min read

    What DO-178C and MC/DC Actually Require, With a Worked Example

    Branch coverage on D = A and B is satisfied by two tests, and a bug that ignores B passes both. MC/DC requires each condition to independently flip the outcome, needing three tests, and it catches that bug. It is the cleanest illustration of covered against proven.

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